Class 9 NCERT Solutions Chemistry Chapter 2 - Is Matter Around Us Pure ?
Is Matter Around Us Pure ? Exercise 15
Solution 1
A substance is a pure single form of matter. It cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process. For example: sugar, sodium chloride.
Concept insight: In this answer, you should write the definition of substance and give at least two examples.
Solution 2
| Homogeneous mixtures | Heterogeneous mixtures |
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1. They have uniform compositions. 2. The components of homogeneous mixtures are not physically distinct. 3. They have no visible boundaries of separation between the constituents. |
1. They have non-uniform compositions. 2. They contain physically distinct parts. 3. They have visible boundaries of separation between the constituents. |
Concept insight: This is an important question from exam point of view.
Is Matter Around Us Pure ? Exercise 18
Solution 1
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Homogeneous mixtures |
Heterogeneous mixtures |
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The substances are completely mixed together in these mixtures. |
The substances remain separate in these mixtures. |
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They have uniform compositions throughout their mass. |
They have non-uniform compositions throughout their mass. |
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They have no visible boundaries of separation between the constituents. |
They have visible boundaries of separation between the constituents. |
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Salt in water, sugar in water are examples of homogeneous mixtures. |
Mixtures of sodium chloride and iron filings and oil and water are examples of heterogeneous mixtures. |
Concept insight: This is an important question from exam point of view. It can come for 2 or 3 marks.
Solution 2
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Solution |
Sol |
Suspension |
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A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. |
A sol is a heterogeneous mixture.
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Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture. |
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The particles of a solution are smaller than 1 nm (10-9 metre) in diameter. So, they cannot be seen by naked eyes. |
The size of particles of a sol is too small to be individually seen by naked eyes. It is between 1 nm and 100 nm in diameter.
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The particles of a suspension can be seen by the naked eye. Their size is larger than 100 nm in diameter. |
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Due to small particle size, they do not scatter a beam of light passing through them. Thus, the path of light is not visible in a solution. |
Sols are big enough to scatter a beam of light passing through them and make its path visible.
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The particles of a suspension scatter a beam of light passing through it and make its path visible. |
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The solute particles do not settle down when left undisturbed, i.e., a solution is stable. |
They do not settle down when left undisturbed, i.e., a sol is quite stable. |
The solute particles settle down when a suspension is left undisturbed, i.e., a suspension is unstable. |
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The solute particles cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration. |
The solute particles cannot be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration. |
They can be separated from the mixture by the process of filtration. |
Concept insight: This is an improtant question from exam point of view. It can come for 2 or 3 marks.
Solution 3
Is Matter Around Us Pure ? Exercise 19
Solution 1
(b) Melting of butter in a pan - Physical change
(c) Rusting of almirah - Chemical change
(d) Boiling of water to form steam - Physical change
(e) Passing of electric current through water and the water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen gases - Chemical change
(f) Dissolving common salt in water - Physical change
(g) Making a fruit salad with raw fruits - Physical change
(h) Burning of paper and wood - Chemical change
Concept insight: Recall the definition of physical and chemical change. If the chemical composition is changing then it is a chemical change and if the chemical composition is remaining the same, then it is not a chemical change.
Solution 2
Concept insight: Recall the definition of pure substances and mixtures and then apply it in all the things around you.
Is Matter Around Us Pure ? Exercise 22
Solution 1
(b) Sublimation
(c) Filtration
(d) Chromatography
(e) Centrifugation
(f) Separating funnel
(g) Sieving
(h) Magnetic separation
(i) Sieving and winnowing
(j) Sedimentation, decantation and filtration
Concept insight: For answering this question you should first analyse what type of mixture is given and then accordingly write the name of the process.
Is Matter Around Us Pure ? Exercise 23
Solution 2
1. Take some water as solvent in a pan.
2. Add some insoluble tea leaves into it.
3. Add some sugar and milk into it which act as solutes.
4. Boil the mixture.
5. Filter the prepared tea through a sieve.
6. The tea leaves are left on the seive.
7. The filtrate tea is collected in a cup.
Solution 3
(a) Since 62 g of potassium nitrate is dissolved in 100 g of water to prepare a saturated solution at 313 K so, 31 g of potassium nitrate should be dissolved in 50 g of water to prepare a saturated solution at 313 K.
(b) The amount of potassium chloride that should be dissolved in water to make a saturated solution increases with temperature. Thus, as the solution cools, some of the crystals of potassium chloride will precipitate out of the solution.
(c) The solubility of the salts at 293 K are:
Potassium nitrate - 32 g
Sodium chloride - 36 g
Potassium chloride - 35 g
Ammonium chloride - 37 g
Ammonium chloride has the highest solubility at 293 K.
(d) The rate of solubility of a salt increases with increase in temperature.
Solution 4
(a) At any particular temperature, a solution that has dissolved as much solute as it is capable of dissolving is said to be a saturated solution. Examples of saturated solutions are soft drinks and nitrogen in Earth's soil.
(b) A pure substance is one which is made up of only one kind of particles. It cannot be separated into different constituents by physical or chemical processes. Some examples of pure substances are bromine, nitric acid, calcium oxide, etc.
(c) Colloids are heterogeneous mixtures in which the size of solute particles is intermediate between those in true solutions and those in suspensions and are big enough to scatter light. Some examples are: Milk, blood, paint, etc.
(d) A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which the small particles of a solid are spread throughout a liquid without dissolving in it. The particles of a suspension can be seen by the naked eye. Some examples of suspension are Chalk - water mixture, flour in water, milk of Magnesia etc.
Concept insight: In this answer, you should write the definitions and give at least two examples.
Solution 5
Heterogeneous - wood, soil
Concept insight: For answering this question, you should recall what homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures are. If the mixture has one phase, it is homogeneous otherwise it is heterogeneous.
Solution 6
Evaporate the colourless liquid on a low flame. If no residue is left, then it is pure water otherwise not.
Concept insight: You should recall here that a pure substance is one which does not have any other substance or impurity present in it.Is Matter Around Us Pure ? Exercise 24
Solution 7
Concept insight: You should recall here that a pure substance is one which does not have any other substance or impurity present in it and cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical processes. It can be an element or a compound.
Solution 8
Concept insight: Recall that solutions are homogeneous mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures have only one phase.
Solution 9
Concept insight: Recall that only colloids and suspensions will show Tyndall effect. Solutions do not show Tyndall effect.
Solution 10
Compounds: calcium carbonate, methane, and carbon dioxide.
Mixtures: soil, sugar solution, coal, soap, air, and blood.
Concept insight: For answering this questions, recall the definitions of elements, compounds and mixtures and then apply the concepts to the substances given in the question.
Solution 11
Concept insight: Recall the definition of physical and chemical change. If the chemical composition is changing then it is a chemical change and if the chemical composition is remaining the same, then it is a physical change.
