NCERT Solutions for Class 12-science Biology CBSE

Unit VI - Reproduction

Chapter 1 - Reproduction in Organisms

Through the Class 12 Biology solutions, learn about the significance of reproduction and modes of reproduction. Find out what vegetative propagation is and why the offspring of oviparous animals are at a greater risk compared to viviparous animals. Revise the meaning of terms such as embryogenesis, zygote, zoospore, gametogenesis, meiosis, juvenile phase, etc.

Chapter 2 - Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

With the help of the Class 12 Biology chapter solutions, learn about concepts such as megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis, self-pollination in flowers, etc. Revise topics such as bagging technique, triple fusion, perisperm, epicotyl, integument, testa, hypocotyl, emasculation, apomixis, and more. Also, learn to draw and label diagrams such as parts of a typical angiosperm ovule or the appearance of a female gametophyte at maturity.

Chapter 3 - Human Reproduction

In this chapter, understand the working of the human reproductive system. Use our NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chapter 3 to learn how to describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule. Do a revision of concepts such as ovary, testis, spermiogenesis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and more. Practise diagrams such as Graafian follicle, female reproductive system, sperm, etc.

Chapter 4 - Reproductive Health

This chapter will help you explain the importance of reproductive health in a society. With the help of solutions by experts, understand how to answer questions such as why use of contraceptives is justified and how infertile couples can try to have children. Get answers for NCERT textbook True/False questions with explanation by experienced Biology teachers.

Unit VII - Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 5 - Principles of Inheritance and Variation

This chapter covers topics such as Mendelian Inheritance, chromosome theory of inheritance, inheritance of blood groups, Punnett square, genetics, etc. Through the NCERT Biology solutions, our experts will give you the accurate points to distinguish a Dominance allele from a Recessive allele. Also, revise terms such as homozygous, heterozygous, monohybrid, dihybrid, test cross, pedigree analysis, and more.

Chapter 6 - Molecular Basis of Inheritance

In this chapter, study in detail about genetic materials such as DNA. Understand how to Hershey and Chase proved that DNA is a genetic material. Do a complete revision of concepts such as Satellite DNA, mRNA, Repetitive DNA, tRNA, Coding strand, template strand, exons, etc. Also, get expert solutions for questions about transcription, bioinformatics, DNA fingerprinting, and other topics.

Chapter 7 - Evolution

This chapter engrosses you in the amazing story of biological evolution and the contribution of famous biologists such as Darwin. Study the various components of human evolution. Understand the concept of adaptive radiation and why human evolution is considered as adaptive radiation. Find out about the evolutionary stages of animals and learn to link modern-day animals with a corresponding ancient fossil.

Unit VIII - Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 8 - Human Health and Disease

With the help of NCERT Chapter 8 Biology solutions for Class 12, study about human diseases and the basic concepts of immunology. Find out about public health measures that are taken to prevent infectious diseases. Revise the theory about transmission of diseases such as Malaria, Amoebiasis, Pneumonia, Ascariasis, HIV, etc. Study concepts such as metastasis, cancerous cell, active immunity, and more.

Chapter 9 - Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

In this chapter, you will find solutions related to concepts such as animal husbandry, biofortification, plant breeding, tissue culture, and more. Find answers on how the quality and quantity of milk productions can be improved in a dairy farm. Revise the various methods involved in animal breeding. Our Biology experts will also help you to understand the role played by fishery in the improvement of food production.

Chapter 10 - Microbes in Human Welfare

This textbook solutions for this chapter will assist you in learning the importance of microbes for food processing, sewage treatment, energy generation and production of antibiotics. Understand how microbes help in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria. Find out how microbes can be used as biofertilisers to ensure decreased use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers.

Unit IX - Biotechnology and Its Applications

Chapter 11 - Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

In this Class 12 Biology chapter, you’ll be introduced to the concepts around genetic engineering like bioreactors, Chitinase, PCR, downstream processing, Plasmid DNA, Exonuclease, Chromosomal DNA, origin of application, etc. Get answers about recombinant proteins used in medical practice and their applications. Also, practise the method used by experts to create a palindromic DNA sequence using base-pair rules.

Chapter 12 - Biotechnology and its Applications

Use the Chapter 12 Biology solutions to understand the applications of biotechnology in agriculture and health-related areas. Revise topics such as Cry proteins, gene therapy, cloning, golden rice, etc. Find out whether our blood has nucleases and proteases. Also, understand how rDNA technology can be used to remove oil from seeds. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of producing genetically modified crops.

Unit X - Ecology and Environment

Chapter 13 - Organisms and Populations

The chapter solutions can help you with solutions to understand organisms and their environment. Learn to define terms such as phenotypic adaptation, camouflage, population, mutualism, parasitism, hibernation, endotherms, etc. Use the support of Biology expert teachers to write short notes on topics like behavioural adaptations in animals, adaptations of plants to water scarcity, and more.

Chapter 14 - Ecosystem

Study about biological ecosystems through concepts such as decomposition, food web, grazing food chain, detritus, secondary productivity, etc. Understand the components of an ecosystem. Revise the topic of ecological pyramids. Also, learn the features of a carbon cycle and sedimentary cycle. Utilise the Chapter 14 solutions to revise the concept of a food chain.

Chapter 15 - Biodiversity and Conservation

Through the Chapter 15 NCERT Biology Class 12 solutions, study the concept of biodiversity and what leads to the loss of biodiversity. Revise the significance of the slope of regression in a species-area relationship. Find out about scared groves and the role of conservation. Also, understand the concept of biotic components of an ecosystem.

Chapter 16 - Environmental Issues

This chapter is designed to make you aware of various environmental issues such as air pollution, water pollution, ozone layer depletion, etc. The chapter solutions can be used to understand the causes and preventive measures for tackling environmental issues. Understand what is global warming, what its causes are and how you can prevent global warming. Study the terms such as eutrophication, radioactive wastes, e-wastes, municipal solid wastes, and more.