Reaching the Age of Adolescence Worksheet

Objective Type Questions

1. Arrange the given stages of the menstrual cycle in the correct order.
   Breakdown of the uterine wall if pregnancy does not occur
   Thickening of the uterine wall
   Maturation of the egg
   Release of the egg from the ovary
   
   
   
2. Match the terms in column A with appropriate terms in column B.
   
   
   
3. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word from those given in the brackets.
   (oestrogen, pituitary, thyroid, endocrine, hormones, secondary sexual characters, testosterone, thyroxine)
   (a) The features which help to distinguish the male from the female during puberty are called ……………………
   (b) The changes which occur at adolescence are controlled by ……………………
   (c) Hormones are chemical substances secreted by the …………………… glands.
   (d) The production of sex hormones is under the control of another hormone secreted by the …………………… gland.
   (e) At puberty, males secrete the hormone …………………… while the females secrete the hormone …………………….
    
4. Rewrite the given statements by changing the underlined word only.
   (a) The transformation of the larva into an adult through drastic changes is called moulting.
   (b) Metamorphosis in frogs is controlled by the hormone insulin.
   (c) Production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland requires the presence of calcium.
   (d) Meat is a balanced food by itself.
   (e) A regular diet includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in requisite proportions.
   
   Multiple Choice Questions
   
   
5. When Rajesh turned 13 years old, he observed certain sudden changes in his body. He noticed that he had grown a hairy line above the lips. His voice had become deep, and he had grown tall in just a year’s gap.
   What do these changes collectively constitute? At what age do these changes begin and end respectively?
   (a) Adolescence; begins at the age of 9 and ends at the age of 14
   (b) Growth; begins at the age of 9 and ends at the age of 14
   (c) Adolescence; begins at the age of 11 and ends at the age of 18
   (d) Growth; begins at the age of 11 and ends at the age of 18
   
   
6. Which of the following is not true about adolescence and puberty?
   (a) Adolescents are also called teenagers.
   (b) In girls, adolescence may begin a year or two later than in boys.
   (c) The period of adolescence varies from person to person.
   (d) Puberty ends when an adolescent reaches reproductive maturity.
   
   
7. Radhika listed few changes which occur during puberty.
   
   Which of the above changes will Radhika observe in her when she attains reproductive maturity?
   (a) I, II and III
   (b) II and IV
   (c) I and V
   (d) III, IV and V
   
   
8. Which secondary sexual characteristic in females during puberty is correctly matched with the hormone which controls it?
   (a) Testosterone - Formation of ovaries
   (b) Oestrogen - Maturation of ova
   (c) Adrenaline - Development of milk secreting glands
   (d) Thyroxine - Release of milk from the breasts
   
   
9. During puberty, hormones are secreted from the endocrine glands. Which secondary sexual characteristic is likely to develop when testosterone is released in males at puberty?
   (a)High pitched voice
   (b)Development of Adam’s apple
   (c)Enlargement of hip bones
   (d)Growth of hair on head
   
   
10. Kinanka wanted to experience the ride on a giant wheel. When he sat in the giant wheel for first time, he began to feel stressed. When he reached the top and saw the ground below, he got scared, his heartbeat increased, and he began to sweat. Which hormone is responsible for bringing about this change?
    (a)Thyroxine
    (b)Testosterone
    (c)Adrenaline
    (d)Insulin
    
    
11. The table describes the reproductive phase in three females (X, Y, and Z) of different ages.
    
    A stop in the process of release of unfertilised egg from the ovary at this age.The beginning of the process of release of unfertilised egg from the ovary at this age.The release of unfertilised egg from the uterus once in a month.
    Which phases X, Y and Z represent respectively?
    (a) X - Menopause, Y - Menstruation, Z - Menarche
    (b) X - Menstruation, Y - Menarche, Z - Menopause
    (c) X - Menarche, Y - Menopause, Z - Menstruation
    (d) X - Menopause, Y - Menarche, Z - Menstruation
    
    
12. The image shows some nutritious food items.
    
    Which food item will fulfil the need of iron at the time of adolescence in a body?
    (a) Leafy vegetables
    (b) Cereals
    (c) Milk
    (d) Nuts
    
    Subjective Questions
    
    
13. Given below are few changes which occur at puberty. Sort these changes as to those which occur in boys and those which occur in girls respectively.
    
    
    
14. Priya had a very soft and smooth skin during her childhood. As she entered adolescence, she developed pimples on her face. Can you explain the reasons for the appearance of pimples on her face? Suggest ways to prevent them.
    
    
    
15. How do hormones initiate reproductive function in the body at the time of puberty?
    
    
16. Gunjan says that the reproductive life of a woman lasts from menarche to menopause. Is she right? Explain your answer.
    
    
17. AIDS is caused by a dangerous virus, HIV. How does this virus spread from an infected person to a normal person?
    
    Case-Based Questions
    
    
18. Endocrine glands secrete hormones which regulate the changes occurring in the body. Given below is a diagram of the endocrine system in males. Observe the figure carefully and answer the questions based on it.
    
    a) Which of the following glands is correctly matched?
    
    (a) PituitaryThyroidAdrenalPancreas Testes
    (b) ThyroidAdrenalPancreasTestesPituitary
    (c) PituitaryThyroidPancreasAdrenalTestes
    (d) ThyroidPituitaryPancreasTestesAdrenal
    
    b) Which of the following secretes the hormone thyroxine?
    (a) (i)
    (b) (ii)
    (c) (iii)
    (d) (iv)
    
    c) Which of the following secretes hormone which controls salt balance in the blood?
    (a) (i)
    (b) (ii)
    (c) (iii)
    (d) (iv)
    
    d) Insufficient secretion of insulin causes a condition called
    (a) Goitre
    (b) Diabetes
    (c) Blood pressure|
    (d) Dwarfism 
    
    
19. Chromosomes are present inside the nucleus of every cell. All human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of their cells. A female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X and one Y chromosome. Observe the figure carefully and answer the questions based on it.
    
    a) The instructions for determining the sex of the baby are present in thread-like structures called …………………….. present in the nucleus of the cell.
    
    b) Which of the following correctly represents the chromosomes found in human male?
    (a) 23 pairs; 1 X and 1 Y sex chromosome
    (b) 23 pairs; 2 X sex chromosomes
    (c) 22 pairs; 1 X and 1 Y sex chromosome
    (d) 22 pairs; 2 X sex chromosomes
    
    c) Based on the image, when will a female child be born?
    (a) When an egg with X chromosome fuses with a sperm with X chromosome.
    (b) When an egg with Y chromosome fuses with a sperm with Y chromosome.
    (c) When an egg with Y chromosome fuses with a sperm with X chromosome.
    (d) When an egg with X chromosome fuses with a sperm with Y chromosome.
    
    d) What would likely be the gender of a child if a sperm having X chromosome fertilizes an egg?
    (a) A girl, as the unfertilized egg has one X chromosome.
    (b) A girl, as the unfertilized egg has one Y chromosome.
    (c) A boy, as the unfertilized egg has one X chromosome.
    (d) A boy, as the unfertilized egg has one Y chromosome.
    
    Assertion-Reasoning Questions
    
    Below questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: 
    
    
    
20. Assertion (A): Menstruation occurs if fertilisation of the ovum by the sperm does not occur.
    Reason (R): Menstruation occurs twice in about 28 to 30 days.
    
    
21. Assertion (A): In our country, the legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys.
    Reason (R): Teenage mothers are not prepared mentally or physically for motherhood.

Objective Type Questions

1. Arrange the given stages of the menstrual cycle in the correct order.
   Breakdown of the uterine wall if pregnancy does not occur
   Thickening of the uterine wall
   Maturation of the egg
   Release of the egg from the ovary
   
   Solution:
   A - Maturation of the egg
   B - Release of the egg from the ovary
   C - Thickening of the uterine wall
   D – Breakdown of the uterine wall if pregnancy does not occur
   
   
2. Match the terms in column A with appropriate terms in column B.
   
   Solution:
   (a)Testes – ii) Testosterone
   (b)Pancreas – v) Insulin
   (c)Thyroid – iv) Thyroxine
   (d)Pituitary – i) Growth hormone
   (e)Adrenal – iii) Adrenaline
   
   
3. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate word from those given in the brackets.
   (oestrogen, pituitary, thyroid, endocrine, hormones, secondary sexual characters, testosterone, thyroxine)
   (a) The features which help to distinguish the male from the female during puberty are called ……………………
   (b) The changes which occur at adolescence are controlled by ……………………
   (c) Hormones are chemical substances secreted by the …………………… glands.
   (d) The production of sex hormones is under the control of another hormone secreted by the …………………… gland.
   (e) At puberty, males secrete the hormone …………………… while the females secrete the hormone …………………….
   Solution:
   (a)secondary sexual characters
   (b)hormones
   (c)endocrine
   (d)pituitary
   (e)testosterone, oestrogen
    
4. Rewrite the given statements by changing the underlined word only.
   (a) The transformation of the larva into an adult through drastic changes is called moulting.
   (b) Metamorphosis in frogs is controlled by the hormone insulin.
   (c) Production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland requires the presence of calcium.
   (d) Meat is a balanced food by itself.
   (e) A regular diet includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in requisite proportions.
   Solution:
   (a)The transformation of the larva into an adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.
   (b)Metamorphosis in frogs is controlled by the hormone thyroxine.
   (c)Production of thyroxine by the thyroid gland requires the presence of iodine.
   (d)Milk is a balanced food by itself.
   (e)A balanced diet includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in requisite proportions.
   
   Multiple Choice Questions
   
   
5. When Rajesh turned 13 years old, he observed certain sudden changes in his body. He noticed that he had grown a hairy line above the lips. His voice had become deep, and he had grown tall in just a year’s gap.
   What do these changes collectively constitute? At what age do these changes begin and end respectively?
   (a) Adolescence; begins at the age of 9 and ends at the age of 14
   (b) Growth; begins at the age of 9 and ends at the age of 14
   (c) Adolescence; begins at the age of 11 and ends at the age of 18
   (d) Growth; begins at the age of 11 and ends at the age of 18
   Solution:
   Correct Option: (c) Adolescence; begins at the age of 11 and ends at the age of 18
   Solution: The period of life when the body undergoes changes, leading to reproductive maturity, is called adolescence. Adolescence begins around the age of 11 and lasts up to 18 or 19 years of age.
   
   
6. Which of the following is not true about adolescence and puberty?
   (a) Adolescents are also called teenagers.
   (b) In girls, adolescence may begin a year or two later than in boys.
   (c) The period of adolescence varies from person to person.
   (d) Puberty ends when an adolescent reaches reproductive maturity.
   Solution:
   Correct Option: (b) In girls, adolescence may begin a year or two later than in boys.
   Solution: In girls, adolescence may begin a year or two earlier than in boys. They attain reproductive maturity 1 or 2 years earlier than the boys. 
   
   
7. Radhika listed few changes which occur during puberty.
   
   Which of the above changes will Radhika observe in her when she attains reproductive maturity?
   (a) I, II and III
   (b) II and IV
   (c) I and V
   (d) III, IV and V
   Solution:
   Correct Option: (c) I and V
   Solution: Start of the menstrual cycle and development of breasts are some of the changes which occur in girls at the time of puberty. Development of large voice box, development of hair on chest and face and broadening of shoulders are some of the changes which occur in boys at the time of puberty.     
   
   
8. Which secondary sexual characteristic in females during puberty is correctly matched with the hormone which controls it?
   (a) Testosterone - Formation of ovaries
   (b) Oestrogen - Maturation of ova
   (c) Adrenaline - Development of milk secreting glands
   (d) Thyroxine - Release of milk from the breasts
   Solution:
   Correct Option: (b) Oestrogen - Maturation of ova
   Solution: The ovaries secrete the hormone oestrogen which controls the maturation of ova or eggs.  
   
   
9. During puberty, hormones are secreted from the endocrine glands. Which secondary sexual characteristic is likely to develop when testosterone is released in males at puberty?
   (a) High pitched voice
   (b) Development of Adam’s apple
   (c) Enlargement of hip bones
   (d) Growth of hair on head
   Solution:
   Correct Option: (b) Development of Adam’s apple
   Solution: At puberty, the voice box or the larynx begins to grow. The growing voice box in boys can be seen as a protruding part of the throat called Adam’s apple. In girls, the larynx is hardly visible from the outside because of its small size. 
   
   
10. Kinanka wanted to experience the ride on a giant wheel. When he sat in the giant wheel for first time, he began to feel stressed. When he reached the top and saw the ground below, he got scared, his heartbeat increased, and he began to sweat. Which hormone is responsible for bringing about this change?
    (a) Thyroxine
    (b) Testosterone
    (c) Adrenaline
    (d) Insulin
    Correct Option: (c) Adrenaline
    Solution: The hormone adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands is also called ‘fight or flight’ hormone as it functions in emergency situations. It helps the body to adjust to stress when one is very angry, embarrassed, or worried.
    
    
11. The table describes the reproductive phase in three females (X, Y, and Z) of different ages.
    
    A stop in the process of release of unfertilised egg from the ovary at this age.The beginning of the process of release of unfertilised egg from the ovary at this age.The release of unfertilised egg from the uterus once in a month.
    Which phases X, Y and Z represent respectively?
    (a) X - Menopause, Y - Menstruation, Z - Menarche
    (b) X - Menstruation, Y - Menarche, Z - Menopause
    (c) X - Menarche, Y - Menopause, Z - Menstruation
    (d) X - Menopause, Y - Menarche, Z - Menstruation
    Correct Option: (d) X - Menopause, Y - Menarche, Z - Menstruation
    Solution: The beginning of the process of release of unfertilised egg from the ovary at the age of 10-12 years is called menarche. The release of unfertilised egg from the uterus once in a month is called menstruation. A stop in the process of release of unfertilised egg from the ovary at the age of 45-50 years is called menopause.
    
    
12. The image shows some nutritious food items.
    
    Which food item will fulfil the need of iron at the time of adolescence in a body?
    (a) Leafy vegetables
    (b) Cereals
    (c) Milk
    (d) Nuts
    Correct Option: (a) Leafy vegetables
    Solution: Leafy vegetables are a rich source of iron. Cereals provide us with carbohydrates. Milk is a source of protein while nuts are rich in fats.
    
    Subjective Questions
    
    
13. Given below are few changes which occur at puberty. Sort these changes as to those which occur in boys and those which occur in girls respectively.
    
    
    
14. Priya had a very soft and smooth skin during her childhood. As she entered adolescence, she developed pimples on her face. Can you explain the reasons for the appearance of pimples on her face? Suggest ways to prevent them.
    
    Solution:
    Acne and pimples are caused due to the increased activity of the sweat and the sebaceous glands in the skin. During adolescence, secretions of the sweat and the sebaceous glands are very active due to the hormonal changes that take place in the body at the time of puberty. As a result, these glands start producing extra sebum due to which the skin pores become clogged with sebum. It leads to microbial growth on the skin causing pimples and acne.
    Priya should wash her face regularly with clean water. This helps to keep the face dry and reduces pimples.
    
    
15. How do hormones initiate reproductive function in the body at the time of puberty?
    Solution:
    Action of hormones in initiating reproductive function:
    • Changes which occur at adolescence are controlled by hormones.
    • Hormones are chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands, or the endocrine system.
    • The production of these hormones is under the control of another hormone secreted from an endocrine gland called pituitary gland.
    • Hormones from the pituitary gland stimulate the testes and ovaries to release the sex hormones testosterone (in males) and oestrogen (in females).
    • These hormones are released into the bloodstream from where they reach a particular body part called the target site.
    • The target site responds to the hormones and stimulates changes in the body.
    
    
16. Gunjan says that the reproductive life of a woman lasts from menarche to menopause. Is she right? Explain your answer.
    Solution:
    16.In females, the reproductive phase of life begins at puberty (10 to 12 years of age) and generally lasts till the age of approximately 45 to 50 years. The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed menarche. At 45 to 50 years of age, the menstrual cycle stops. Stoppage of menstruation is termed menopause. Thus, Gunjan is right when she says that the reproductive life of a woman lasts from menarche to menopause.
    
    
17. AIDS is caused by a dangerous virus, HIV. How does this virus spread from an infected person to a normal person?
    Solution:
    HIV virus spreads from an infected person to a normal person in the following ways:
    • By sharing the syringes used for injecting drugs.
    • Through the milk of an infected mother to the infant.
    • Through sexual contact with a person infected with HIV.
    
    Case-Based Questions
    
    
18. Endocrine glands secrete hormones which regulate the changes occurring in the body. Given below is a diagram of the endocrine system in males. Observe the figure carefully and answer the questions based on it.
    
    a) Which of the following glands is correctly matched?
    
    (a) PituitaryThyroidAdrenalPancreas Testes
    (b) ThyroidAdrenalPancreasTestesPituitary
    (c) PituitaryThyroidPancreasAdrenalTestes
    (d) ThyroidPituitaryPancreasTestesAdrenal
    Correct option: (a)
    
    Solution: (i) is pituitary gland, (ii) is thyroid gland, (iii) is adrenal gland, (iv) is pancreas while (v) is the testes.
    
    b) Which of the following secretes the hormone thyroxine?
    (a) (i)
    (b) (ii)
    (c) (iii)
    (d) (iv)
    Correct option: (b) (ii)
    Solution: The hormone thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland. In the given figure, (ii) represents the thyroid gland.
    
    c) Which of the following secretes hormone which controls salt balance in the blood?
    (a) (i)
    (b) (ii)
    (c) (iii)
    (d) (iv)
    Correct option: (c) (iii)
    Solution: The adrenal glands secrete hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood. In the given figure, (iii) represents the adrenal gland.  
    
    d) Insufficient secretion of insulin causes a condition called
    (a) Goitre
    (b) Diabetes
    (c) Blood pressure|
    (d) Dwarfism
    Correct option: (b) Diabetes
    Solution: Insufficient secretion of insulin by the pancreas causes a condition called diabetes. 
    
    
19. Chromosomes are present inside the nucleus of every cell. All human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of their cells. A female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X and one Y chromosome. Observe the figure carefully and answer the questions based on it.
    
    a) The instructions for determining the sex of the baby are present in thread-like structures called …………………….. present in the nucleus of the cell.
    Solution:
    Chromosomes
    
    b) Which of the following correctly represents the chromosomes found in human male?
    (a) 23 pairs; 1 X and 1 Y sex chromosome
    (b) 23 pairs; 2 X sex chromosomes
    (c) 22 pairs; 1 X and 1 Y sex chromosome
    (d) 22 pairs; 2 X sex chromosomes
    Correct Option: (a) 23 pairs; 1 X and 1 Y sex chromosome
    Solution: All human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nuclei of their cells. A female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X and one Y chromosome.
    
    c) Based on the image, when will a female child be born?
    (a) When an egg with X chromosome fuses with a sperm with X chromosome.
    (b) When an egg with Y chromosome fuses with a sperm with Y chromosome.
    (c) When an egg with Y chromosome fuses with a sperm with X chromosome.
    (d) When an egg with X chromosome fuses with a sperm with Y chromosome.
    Correct Option: (a) When an egg with X chromosome fuses with a sperm with X chromosome.
    Solution: When an egg with X chromosome fuses with a sperm with X chromosome, the child born is a female. When an egg with X chromosome fuses with a sperm with Y chromosome, the child born is a male.
    
    d) What would likely be the gender of a child if a sperm having X chromosome fertilizes an egg?
    (a) A girl, as the unfertilized egg has one X chromosome.
    (b) A girl, as the unfertilized egg has one Y chromosome.
    (c) A boy, as the unfertilized egg has one X chromosome.
    (d) A boy, as the unfertilized egg has one Y chromosome.
    Correct Option: (a) A girl, as the unfertilized egg has one X chromosome.
    Solution: The unfertilised egg always has one X chromosome. So, when a sperm having X chromosome fertilizes an egg with one X chromosome, the child born will be a female (XX).
    
    Assertion-Reasoning Questions
    
    Below questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: 
    
    
    
20. Assertion (A): Menstruation occurs if fertilisation of the ovum by the sperm does not occur.
    Reason (R): Menstruation occurs twice in about 28 to 30 days.
    Solution:
    Correct Option: (c) A is true but R is false.
    Solution: During the menstrual cycle, the wall of the uterus becomes thick to receive the egg. In case the egg is fertilised by the sperm, the fertilised egg gets implanted in the wall of the uterus and begins to develop. This results in pregnancy. If fertilisation does not occur, the released egg, and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood
    vessels are shed off. This causes bleeding in women which is called menstruation. So, the assertion is true. Menstruation occurs once in about 28 to 30 days. So, the reason is false.
    
    
21. Assertion (A): In our country, the legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys.
    Reason (R): Teenage mothers are not prepared mentally or physically for motherhood.
    Solution:
    Correct Option: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
    Solution: In our country, the legal age for marriage is 18 years for girls and 21 years for boys. This is because teenage mothers are not prepared mentally or physically for motherhood. Early marriage and motherhood cause health problems in the mother and the child. It also curtails employment opportunities for the young woman and may cause mental agony as she is not ready for responsibilities of motherhood. So, both assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion statement.