Reproduction in Plants Worksheet

Objective Type Questions

1. Fill in the blanks by choosing the most appropriate words from those given in the brackets.
   (stigma, receptacle, stamen, corolla, unisexual, pistil, calyx, bisexual, style)
   (a) The base of a flower to which all the parts of a flower are attached is called …………….
   (b) All sepals taken together constitute the ……………. while all petals together constitute the …………….
   (c) ……………. is the male reproductive organ while ……………. is the female reproductive organ of the plant.
   (d) Flowers which contain only one reproductive organ are called ……………. flowers.
   (e) ……………. receives pollen grains from the anther of stamen during pollination.
   
   
2. The diagram below shows the structure of male and female reproductive parts of a plant. Label the parts A, B, C and D correctly choosing the appropriate terms from those given in the brackets.
   (ovule, anther, stigma, filament, style, ovary)
   
    
3. Match the terms in column A with appropriate terms in column B.
   
   
   Multiple Choice Questions
   
   
4. Which of the following statements correctly defines the term “reproduction”?
   (a) Production of new individuals from parents
   (b) An increase in height and weight of an organism
   (c) The ability of an organism to withstand unfavourable conditions
   (d) The development of an individual physiologically and emotionally
   
   
5. A farmer has an apple tree in his garden, which bears sweet apples every year. The farmer wants to add more trees of this variety his garden. Which life process of the plant will allow the farmer to produce more such plants?
   (a) Growth
   (b) Reproduction
   (c) Respiration
   (d) Transportation
    
6. Kirti and Trupti were asked to grow different plants. Kirti used the stem of a rose plant and buried it into the soil to produce a new rose plant. Trupti used the seed of a cucumber plant and buried it into the soil to grow a new cucumber plant. After few weeks, the growth of the rose plant and the cucumber plant was observed. What mode of reproduction took place in the plants chosen by Kirti and Trupti?
   (a) Kirti - Sexual reproduction; Trupti - Sexual reproduction
   (b) Kirti - Sexual reproduction; Trupti - Asexual reproduction
   (c) Kirti - Asexual reproduction; Trupti - Sexual reproduction
   (d) Kirti - Asexual reproduction; Trupti - Asexual reproduction
   
   
7. A teacher visited a vegetable farm with students. The chart shows the plants growing in that farm.
   
   Pumpkin, Mustard, Bryophyllum, Tomato
   The teacher pointed out to a plant and said that its mode of reproduction is different from the other three plants. Which plant might have been pointed out by the teacher, and why?
   (a) Tomato plant as it reproduces sexually, while the other three plants reproduce asexually.
   (b) Pumpkin plant as it reproduces asexually, while the other three plants reproduce sexually.
   (c) Bryophyllum plant as it reproduces asexually, while the other three plants reproduce sexually.
   (d) Mustard plant as it reproduces sexually, while the other three plants reproduce asexually.
    
8. The table shows the area of a pond in percentage covered by green algae within 20 days.
   
   A student claimed that algae reproduce sexually and grow rapidly in the pond. Is the claim made by the student, correct?
   (a) Yes, Algae reproduce sexually by means of spores.
   (b) Yes, Algae reproduce sexually by means of gametes.
   (c) No, Algae reproduce asexually by means of budding.
   (d) No, Algae reproduce asexually by means of fragmentation.
    
9. A potato plant does not produce seeds, but it produces new plants by means of vegetative propagation. The chart lists some parts of a potato plant.
   
   What plant part governs asexual reproduction in a potato plant?
   (a) Flowers
   (b) Leaves
   (c) Eyes of potato
   (d) Cutting of its stem
    
10. A teacher showed a piece of ginger to the students from which several sprouts were coming out. Later, the teacher asked the students to observe a slide showing reproduction in a yeast cell. What modes of reproduction have been studied by the students in both these specimens?
    
     
11. Different plants use different parts to produce new plants as shown in the table.
    
    Which of the above plants reproduces sexually?
    (a) Bryophyllum
    (b) Sweet potato
    (c) Cactus
    (d) China rose
     
12. The image represents the female and the male reproductive parts of two different flowers.
    
    A teacher asked a student to identify the label that represents pollen grain-containing part of a bisexual flower. Which label should be chosen by the student?
    (a) A
    (b) B
    (c) C
    (d) D
     
13. The table shows some plants grouped under two groups, 1 and 2 based on the difference in their outcomes of sexual reproduction.
    
    Which other plant can be included in group 1?
    (a) Cucumber
    (b) Mango
    (c) Petunia
    (d) Tomato
     
14. The table shows the features possessed by seeds of four different plants.
    
    Seeds of which plant have the features to disperse better in water?
    (a) Aak
    (b) Coconut
    (c) Drumstick
    (d) Xanthium
    
    Subjective Questions
    
    
15. Rishi is confused between the asexual and the sexual modes of reproduction. Given below are some characteristics of reproduction. Sort them as characteristics of asexual and those of sexual reproduction respectively to help Rishi clear his doubt.
    
     
16. Rajat stays in the Konkan region of Maharashtra while Kranti stays in Nagpur. When Rajat had visited Kranti’s house during vacations, he noticed that the plants which grow in Konkan, grew in Nagpur as well.
    (a) How do same kind of plants grow at different places?
    (b) What will happen if all the seeds of a plant were to fall at the same place and grow there?
     
17. Observe the figures given below and answer the questions based on them.
    
    (a) Which processes do figures A and B represent?
    (b) How are these two processes different from one another?
    (c) List three agents which carry out the given processes.
    
    
18. Given below are some characteristics of flowers. Sort these characteristics according to the agent of pollination – pollination by wind, water, or insects.
    
    
    
    Case-Based Questions
     
19. Organism X is used in the baking industry to manufacture breads and cakes. Addition of X into the bread dough allows it to rise and increase in volume. The bread formed in spongy and light. When this bread is left exposed to moisture for 3-4 days, growth of organism Y takes place on the bread. A researcher took samples of X from the dough of bread on slide A, and samples of Y from the spoilt bread on slide B and observed the growth of these organisms under the microscope.
    
    a) What are X and Y likely to be in the above case?
    (a) X – Spirogyra; Y - Yeast
    (b) X – Spirogyra; Y - Rhizopus
    (c) X – Rhizopus; Y - Yeast
    (d) X – Yeast; Y - Rhizopus
     
    b) What type of asexual reproduction might have been observed by the researcher on slides A and B?
    (a) A - Budding, B - Fragmentation
    (b) A - Spore formation, B - Budding
    (c) A - Budding, B - Spore Formation
    (d) A - Fragmentation, B - Spore Formation
     
    c) Which of the following plants reproduce by the same method as Rhizopus?
    (a) Moss and Fern
    (b) Fern and Cactus
    (c) Moss and Cactus
    (d) Ginger and Potato
     
20. Seeds and fruits of the plants are dispersed by wind, water, and animals. Some seeds are also dispersed by an explosive mechanism in which the ripe fruits of some plants burst on their own and throw their seeds away from the plant with a great force.
    
    a) Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
    (a) Begonia – Dispersal of seeds by wind
    (b) Water lily – Dispersal of seeds by water
    (c) Xanthium – Dispersal of seeds by explosive mechanism
    (d) Urena – Dispersal of seeds by animals
     
    b) By which of the following modes dispersal of fruits and seeds occurs in the castor plant?
    (a) Water
    (b) Explosive mechanism
    (c) Wind
    (d) Animals
    
    c) If the seeds of a plant are dispersed by wind, which of the following features are possessed by its seeds?
    (a) Fibrous outer coat
    (b) Spongy outer coat
    (c) Numerous hooks
    (d) Wing-like structures
     
    d) Which characteristic feature is not matched correctly?
    (a) Sunflower – Hairy fruits
    (b) Orchids – Small and light seeds
    (c) Water lily – Numerous hooks
    (d) Maple – Winged seeds
    
    Assertion-Reasoning Questions
    
    Below questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: 
    
    
    
    
21. Assertion (A): Hibiscus is a bisexual flower.
    Reason (R): It contains both male as well as female reproductive organs.
     
22. Assertion (A): The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote is called fertilisation.
    Reason (R): The process of fertilisation occurs after the pollen grains fall on the stigma of a flower.

Objective Type Questions

1. Fill in the blanks by choosing the most appropriate words from those given in the brackets.
   (stigma, receptacle, stamen, corolla, unisexual, pistil, calyx, bisexual, style)
   (a) The base of a flower to which all the parts of a flower are attached is called …………….
   (b) All sepals taken together constitute the ……………. while all petals together constitute the …………….
   (c) ……………. is the male reproductive organ while ……………. is the female reproductive organ of the plant.
   (d) Flowers which contain only one reproductive organ are called ……………. flowers.
   (e) ……………. receives pollen grains from the anther of stamen during pollination.
   Solution:
   (a) receptacle
   (b) calyx, corolla
   (c) stamen, pistil
   (d) unisexual
   (e) stigma
   
   
2. The diagram below shows the structure of male and female reproductive parts of a plant. Label the parts A, B, C and D correctly choosing the appropriate terms from those given in the brackets.
   (ovule, anther, stigma, filament, style, ovary)
   
   Solution:
   A – Anther; B – Filament; C – Stigma; D – Style, E – Ovule, F - Ovary
    
3. Match the terms in column A with appropriate terms in column B.
   
   Solution:
   (a) Dahlia – v) Vegetative propagation by roots
   (b) Yeast – iv) Budding
   (c) Begonia  – i) Vegetative propagation by leaves
   (d) Spirogyra  – iii) Fragmentation
   (e) Rhizopus – ii) Spore formation
   
   Multiple Choice Questions
   
   
4. Which of the following statements correctly defines the term “reproduction”?
   (a) Production of new individuals from parents
   (b) An increase in height and weight of an organism
   (c) The ability of an organism to withstand unfavourable conditions
   (d) The development of an individual physiologically and emotionally
   Correct Option: (a) Production of new individuals from parents 
   Solution: The production of new organisms from the existing organisms of the same species is called reproduction.
   
   
5. A farmer has an apple tree in his garden, which bears sweet apples every year. The farmer wants to add more trees of this variety his garden. Which life process of the plant will allow the farmer to produce more such plants?
   (a) Growth
   (b) Reproduction
   (c) Respiration
   (d) Transportation
   Correct Option: (b) Reproduction
   Solution: Reproduction is the ability of living organisms to produce more members of their species. Plants reproduce to form new plants of their own kind.
    
6. Kirti and Trupti were asked to grow different plants. Kirti used the stem of a rose plant and buried it into the soil to produce a new rose plant. Trupti used the seed of a cucumber plant and buried it into the soil to grow a new cucumber plant. After few weeks, the growth of the rose plant and the cucumber plant was observed. What mode of reproduction took place in the plants chosen by Kirti and Trupti?
   (a) Kirti - Sexual reproduction; Trupti - Sexual reproduction
   (b) Kirti - Sexual reproduction; Trupti - Asexual reproduction
   (c) Kirti - Asexual reproduction; Trupti - Sexual reproduction
   (d) Kirti - Asexual reproduction; Trupti - Asexual reproduction
   Correct Option: (c) Kirti - Asexual reproduction; Trupti - Sexual reproduction
   Solution: Asexual reproduction involves the production of new plants from the existing plants without seeds. This method is commonly seen in rose, potato, ginger, and sweet potato plants. In sexual reproduction, new plants are obtained from the existing plants through seeds. This method is commonly seen in cucumber, wheat, pea, and cotton plants.
   
   
7. A teacher visited a vegetable farm with students. The chart shows the plants growing in that farm.
   
   Pumpkin, Mustard, Bryophyllum, Tomato
   The teacher pointed out to a plant and said that its mode of reproduction is different from the other three plants. Which plant might have been pointed out by the teacher, and why?
   (a) Tomato plant as it reproduces sexually, while the other three plants reproduce asexually.
   (b) Pumpkin plant as it reproduces asexually, while the other three plants reproduce sexually.
   (c) Bryophyllum plant as it reproduces asexually, while the other three plants reproduce sexually.
   (d) Mustard plant as it reproduces sexually, while the other three plants reproduce asexually.
   Correct Option: (c) Potato plant as it reproduces asexually, while the other three plants reproduce sexually.
   Solution: Pumpkin, mustard and tomato plants reproduce sexually through seeds while the Bryophyllum plant reproduces asexually without seeds. The leaf of a Bryophyllum plant is mainly used for propagation.
    
8. The table shows the area of a pond in percentage covered by green algae within 20 days.
   
   A student claimed that algae reproduce sexually and grow rapidly in the pond. Is the claim made by the student, correct?
   (a) Yes, Algae reproduce sexually by means of spores.
   (b) Yes, Algae reproduce sexually by means of gametes.
   (c) No, Algae reproduce asexually by means of budding.
   (d) No, Algae reproduce asexually by means of fragmentation.
   Correct Option: (d) No, Algae reproduce asexually by means of fragmentation.
   Solution: Algae reproduce asexually by the method of fragmentation. A large number of algae are produced in a short period of time which cover a large area of water in the pond. When water and nutrients are available, algae grow and multiply rapidly by the process of fragmentation.
    
9. A potato plant does not produce seeds, but it produces new plants by means of vegetative propagation. The chart lists some parts of a potato plant.
   
   What plant part governs asexual reproduction in a potato plant?
   (a) Flowers
   (b) Leaves
   (c) Eyes of potato
   (d) Cutting of its stem
   Correct Option: (c) Eyes of potato
   Solution: A potato tuber has several buds called eyes in its body which appear like scars. When a potato tuber is planted in the soil, then all the buds of the potato tuber grow to produce new potato plants.
    
10. A teacher showed a piece of ginger to the students from which several sprouts were coming out. Later, the teacher asked the students to observe a slide showing reproduction in a yeast cell. What modes of reproduction have been studied by the students in both these specimens?
    
    Correct Option: (c)
    
    
    Solution: Ginger reproduces vegetatively by rhizome. Yeast reproduces asexually by the method of budding.
     
11. Different plants use different parts to produce new plants as shown in the table.
    
    Which of the above plants reproduces sexually?
    (a) Bryophyllum
    (b) Sweet potato
    (c) Cactus
    (d) China rose
    Correct Option: (d) China rose
    Solution: Flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant which reproduces sexually. Flowers contain gametes which fuse to form the zygote which later develops into an embryo.
     
12. The image represents the female and the male reproductive parts of two different flowers.
    
    A teacher asked a student to identify the label that represents pollen grain-containing part of a bisexual flower. Which label should be chosen by the student?
    (a) A
    (b) B
    (c) C
    (d) D
    Correct Option: (c) C
    Solution: A – Stigma, B – Filament, C – Anther, D – Style
    Anther contains pollen grains which produce male gametes.
     
13. The table shows some plants grouped under two groups, 1 and 2 based on the difference in their outcomes of sexual reproduction.
    
    Which other plant can be included in group 1?
    (a) Cucumber
    (b) Mango
    (c) Petunia
    (d) Tomato
    Correct Option: (a) Cucumber
    Solution: Pine, papaya and maize are unisexual flowers while mustard, rose and lily are bisexual flowers. Cucumber is also a unisexual flower and hence, can be placed under group 1.
     
14. The table shows the features possessed by seeds of four different plants.
    
    Seeds of which plant have the features to disperse better in water?
    (a) Aak
    (b) Coconut
    (c) Drumstick
    (d) Xanthium
    Correct Option: (b) Coconut
    Solution: The coconut fruits have a fibrous outer coat which enables them to float on water and get carried away by flowing water to far off places.
    
    Subjective Questions
    
    
15. Rishi is confused between the asexual and the sexual modes of reproduction. Given below are some characteristics of reproduction. Sort them as characteristics of asexual and those of sexual reproduction respectively to help Rishi clear his doubt.
    
    Solution: Characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction:
    
     
16. Rajat stays in the Konkan region of Maharashtra while Kranti stays in Nagpur. When Rajat had visited Kranti’s house during vacations, he noticed that the plants which grow in Konkan, grew in Nagpur as well.
    (a) How do same kind of plants grow at different places?
    (b) What will happen if all the seeds of a plant were to fall at the same place and grow there?
    Solution:
    (a) The same kind of plants grow at different places because their seeds are dispersed to different places by various natural agents such as wind, water, and animals.
    (b) If all the seeds of a plant were to fall at the same place and grow there, then a large number of new plants would grow up close together in a small area of land. These plants would compete with one another for water, minerals, and sunlight. Due to insufficient water, minerals and sunlight, the newly growing plants will not be healthy and many plants would die. This will harm the plants in the long run because their further distribution would be prevented.
     
17. Observe the figures given below and answer the questions based on them.
    
    (a) Which processes do figures A and B represent?
    (b) How are these two processes different from one another?
    (c) List three agents which carry out the given processes.
    Solution:
    (a) A – Self-pollination; B – Cross-pollination
    (b) Differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination:
    
    (c) Agents such as wind, water and insects carry out the process of pollination.
    
    
18. Given below are some characteristics of flowers. Sort these characteristics according to the agent of pollination – pollination by wind, water, or insects.
    
    
    Solution:
    
    
    Case-Based Questions
     
19. Organism X is used in the baking industry to manufacture breads and cakes. Addition of X into the bread dough allows it to rise and increase in volume. The bread formed in spongy and light. When this bread is left exposed to moisture for 3-4 days, growth of organism Y takes place on the bread. A researcher took samples of X from the dough of bread on slide A, and samples of Y from the spoilt bread on slide B and observed the growth of these organisms under the microscope.
    
    a) What are X and Y likely to be in the above case?
    (a) X – Spirogyra; Y - Yeast
    (b) X – Spirogyra; Y - Rhizopus
    (c) X – Rhizopus; Y - Yeast
    (d) X – Yeast; Y - Rhizopus
    Correct option: (d) X - Yeast; Y - Rhizopus
    Solution: Yeast is used in the baking industry to manufacture breads and cakes. Rhizopus also known as bread mould is a black mould that grows on bread when it is exposed to air. If mould appears on bread, then it is considered to be spoilt.
     
    b) What type of asexual reproduction might have been observed by the researcher on slides A and B?
    (a) A - Budding, B - Fragmentation
    (b) A - Spore formation, B - Budding
    (c) A - Budding, B - Spore Formation
    (d) A - Fragmentation, B - Spore Formation
    Correct option: (c) A- Budding, B - Spore Formation
    Solution: Yeast reproduces asexually by the method of budding. Rhizopus reproduces asexually by the method of spore formation.
     
    c) Which of the following plants reproduce by the same method as Rhizopus?
    (a) Moss and Fern
    (b) Fern and Cactus
    (c) Moss and Cactus
    (d) Ginger and Potato
    Correct option: (a) Moss and Fern
    Solution: Plants such as mosses and ferns reproduce by means of spores.
    
    
20. Seeds and fruits of the plants are dispersed by wind, water, and animals. Some seeds are also dispersed by an explosive mechanism in which the ripe fruits of some plants burst on their own and throw their seeds away from the plant with a great force.
    
    a) Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
    (a) Begonia – Dispersal of seeds by wind
    (b) Water lily – Dispersal of seeds by water
    (c) Xanthium – Dispersal of seeds by explosive mechanism
    (d) Urena – Dispersal of seeds by animals
    Correct option: (c) Xanthium – Dispersal of seeds by explosive mechanism
    Solution: The fruits of Xanthium have numerous hooks due to which they are dispersed by animals.
     
    b) By which of the following modes dispersal of fruits and seeds occurs in the castor plant?
    (a) Water
    (b) Explosive mechanism
    (c) Wind
    (d) Animals
    Correct option: (b) Explosive mechanism
    Solution: The ripe fruits of castor plant burst suddenly with a jerk and scatter the seeds far away from the parent plant.
    
    c) If the seeds of a plant are dispersed by wind, which of the following features are possessed by its seeds?
    (a) Fibrous outer coat
    (b) Spongy outer coat
    (c) Numerous hooks
    (d) Wing-like structures
    Correct option: (d) Wing-like structures
    Solution: The seeds and fruits dispersed by wind either have wing-like structures or they have hair, or they are very small and light, which helps them to be easily carried away by the blowing wind.
     
    d) Which characteristic feature is not matched correctly?
    (a) Sunflower – Hairy fruits
    (b) Orchids – Small and light seeds
    (c) Water lily – Numerous hooks
    (d) Maple – Winged seeds
    Correct option: (c) Water lily – Numerous hooks
    Solution: The seeds of water lily plant have a spongy outer coat which allows them to float on water and move to other places along with water currents.
    
    Assertion-Reasoning Questions
    
    Below questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: 
    
    
    
    
21. Assertion (A): Hibiscus is a bisexual flower.
    Reason (R): It contains both male as well as female reproductive organs.
    Correct Option: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
    Solution: Flowers which contain both male as well as female reproductive organs are called bisexual flowers. Since Hibiscus contains both male as well as female reproductive organs, it is said to be bisexual. So, both assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the given assertion.
     
22. Assertion (A): The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote is called fertilisation.
    Reason (R): The process of fertilisation occurs after the pollen grains fall on the stigma of a flower.
    Correct Option: (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
    Solution: When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower, it germinates and grows into a pollen tube. The pollen tube enters the ovule and bursts open releasing the male gamete. So, the reason is true. The fusion of male gamete of the pollen and female gamete in the ovule to form a zygote is called fertilisation. So, the assertion is also true. However, the reason does not justify the given assertion.