Coal And Petroleum Worksheet

Objective Type Questions

Match the objects in Column A with appropriate characteristics given in column B:
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Separation of different constituents of petroleum is called ___________.
(b) The major component of CNG is ___________.
(c) ___________ is the most inferior and softest form of coal.
(d) Natural gas, petroleum and coal are ___________.
(e) The process of separating the various constituents/fractions of petroleum is known as __________.
(f) Natural gas mainly consists of methane with small quantities of __________and___________.
Complete the following crossword based on names of constituents of petroleum by using following information:
(a) Used in surfacing of roads
(b) Used as fuel for heavy motor vehicles.
(c) Used for lubrication
(d) Used as solvent for dry cleaning
(e) Used as fuel for lamps
State whether the following statements are true or false. In case of false statement, write the correct one.
(i) Coal tar is a tough, porous and black substance which is almost a pure form of carbon.
(a) True
(b) False

(ii) The great advantage of petroleum is that it can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes.
(a) True
(b) False

Multiple Choice Questions
Air is a natural resource and cannot be exhausted by human activities. It is known as inexhaustible natural resource. Which of the following is another inexhaustible natural resource?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Sunlight
(d) Minerals
Coal is processed in industries to get some useful products. Which of the following is not obtained from coal?
(a) Coke
(b) Coal tar
(c) Coal gas
(d) CNG
Which of the following is obtained from coal tar?
(a) Petrol
(b) Coke
(c) Air
(d) Naphthalene balls
Conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called
(a) Carbonisation
(b) Distillation
(c) Coal gas
(d) Natural gas
The below picture shows how petroleum and natural gas are extracted through drilling rig. What must be the reason that petroleum layer exist between sea water level and natural gas?

(a) Because different types of rock layers separate them.
(b) Because rocks only allow sea water to pass through it.
(c) Because petroleum oil releases natural gas that forms a new layer over petroleum oil.
(d) Because gas and petroleum oil are lighter than sea water and these substances do not mix.
The given picture shows three ancient areas which depicts the formation of fossil fuels

Which of the following statements are supported by the picture?

Case Study Questions
All those obtained from nature are called natural resources. In the light of the availability of various resources in nature, natural resources can be broadly classified into two kinds: Inexhaustible Natural Resources and Exhaustible Natural Resources: Some exhaustible natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These were formed from the dead remains of living organisms.

(a) What is meant by fossil fuels? Name any two.
(b) What is meant by exhaustible resources?
(c) What is meant by inexhaustible resources?
(d) Some natural resources are given below. Classify them into the exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources.
Coal, air, natural gas, petroleum, sunlight, minerals, forests, oxygen.
About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low lying wetland areas. Due to natural processes, like flooding, these forests got buried under the soil. As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under high pressure and high temperature, dead plants got slowly converted to coal. Coal is processed in industry to get some useful products such as coke, coal tar and coal gas.
(a) What is meant by coke? Give its uses.
(b) What is meant by coal tar? Give its uses.
(c) What is meant by coal gas? Give its uses.

Subjective Questions
The substance Q is a fossil fuel. It occurs deep below the ground in certain areas of earth. Another fossil fuel P is found trapped above the deposits Q. When Q is subjected to the process R the number of products are collected at different temperature ranges which are put to different uses, a special grade of product S obtained in this way is used as aviation fuel in jet airplanes.
(i) What are Q and P?
(ii) What are physical states of Q and P.
(iii) Name the process R.
(iv) Name the product S.
Distinguish between coal and coke.
Comment: None of the fuel can be termed as clean fuel.
Classify the fuels on the basis of their physical state.
Sagar visited coal mining place nearby with his father and asked his father how and why this coal is found so deep under earth surface. Help him to understand the coal forming process.
Write a short note on petroleum.

Assertion Reasoning Questions

Below questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
Assertion (A): Natural gas is an exhaustible fossil fuel.
Reason (R): Because it is easy to transport through pipes.
Assertion (A): Petroleum is called black gold.
Reason(R): Petroleum has great commercial importance.

Objective Type Questions

Match the objects in Column A with appropriate characteristics given in column B:

Solution:
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Separation of different constituents of petroleum is called ___________.
(b) The major component of CNG is ___________.
(c) ___________ is the most inferior and softest form of coal.
(d) Natural gas, petroleum and coal are ___________.
(e) The process of separating the various constituents/fractions of petroleum is known as __________.
(f) Natural gas mainly consists of methane with small quantities of __________and___________.
Solution:
(a) refining of petroleum
(b) methane
(c) peat
(d) fossil fuels
(e) refining
(f) ethane, propane
Complete the following crossword based on names of constituents of petroleum by using following information:
(a) Used in surfacing of roads
(b) Used as fuel for heavy motor vehicles.
(c) Used for lubrication
(d) Used as solvent for dry cleaning
(e) Used as fuel for lamps

Solution:
State whether the following statements are true or false. In case of false statement, write the correct one.
(i) Coal tar is a tough, porous and black substance which is almost a pure form of carbon.
(a) True
(b) False

(ii) The great advantage of petroleum is that it can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes.
(a) True
(b) False
Solution:
(i) Correct option: (b) False.
Coke is a tough, porous and black substance which almost pure form of carbon.

(ii) Correct option: (b) False
The great advantage of CNG is that it can be used directly for burning in homes and factories where it can be supplied through pipes.

Multiple Choice Questions
Air is a natural resource and cannot be exhausted by human activities. It is known as inexhaustible natural resource. Which of the following is another inexhaustible natural resource?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Sunlight
(d) Minerals

Correct option: (c) Sunlight
Solution: Sunlight is an unlimited natural resource which cannot be exhausted by human activities.
Coal is processed in industries to get some useful products. Which of the following is not obtained from coal?
(a) Coke
(b) Coal tar
(c) Coal gas
(d) CNG

Correct option: (d) CNG
Solution: Natural gas is stored under high pressure as compressed natural gas (CNG).
Which of the following is obtained from coal tar?
(a) Petrol
(b) Coke
(c) Air
(d) Naphthalene balls

Correct option: (d) Naphthalene balls
Solution: Naphthalene balls used to repel moths and other insects are obtained from coal tar.
Conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called
(a) Carbonisation
(b) Distillation
(c) Coal gas
(d) Natural gas

Correct option: (a) Carbonisation
Solution: As coal contains mainly carbon, the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.
The below picture shows how petroleum and natural gas are extracted through drilling rig. What must be the reason that petroleum layer exist between sea water level and natural gas?

(a) Because different types of rock layers separate them.
(b) Because rocks only allow sea water to pass through it.
(c) Because petroleum oil releases natural gas that forms a new layer over petroleum oil.
(d) Because gas and petroleum oil are lighter than sea water and these substances do not mix.

Correct option: (d) because gas and petroleum oil are lighter than sea water and these substances do not mix.
Solution: Natural gas and petroleum oil are lighter than sea water. They are immiscible with each other.
The given picture shows three ancient areas which depicts the formation of fossil fuels

Which of the following statements are supported by the picture?

Correct option: (b) No-Yes-Yes

Solution: Large part of coal and petroleum is made up of fossil of dead plants. Over millions of years, buried under high pressure and high temperature, the remains of dead plants transformed into what we know today as fossil fuels like coal and petroleum.

Case Study Questions
All those obtained from nature are called natural resources. In the light of the availability of various resources in nature, natural resources can be broadly classified into two kinds: Inexhaustible Natural Resources and Exhaustible Natural Resources: Some exhaustible natural resources like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These were formed from the dead remains of living organisms.

(a) What is meant by fossil fuels? Name any two.
(b) What is meant by exhaustible resources?
(c) What is meant by inexhaustible resources?
(d) Some natural resources are given below. Classify them into the exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources.
Coal, air, natural gas, petroleum, sunlight, minerals, forests, oxygen.
Solution:
(a) Exhaustible natural resources were formed from the dead remains of living organisms (fossils). Therefore, they are called as fossil fuels.
Examples: coal, petroleum and natural gas
(b) Exhaustible resources are those whose amount is limited in nature. There is a possibility that humans will exhaust them sooner or later.
(c) Inexhaustible resources are those which are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are not likely to be exhausted by human activities.
(d) Exhaustible natural resources: Coal, natural gas, petroleum, minerals, forests.
Inexhaustible natural resources: Air, sunlight, oxygen.
About 300 million years ago the earth had dense forests in low lying wetland areas. Due to natural processes, like flooding, these forests got buried under the soil. As more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. The temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper. Under high pressure and high temperature, dead plants got slowly converted to coal. Coal is processed in industry to get some useful products such as coke, coal tar and coal gas.
(a) What is meant by coke? Give its uses.
(b) What is meant by coal tar? Give its uses.
(c) What is meant by coal gas? Give its uses.
Solution:
(a) Coke is a tough, porous and black substance. It is an almost pure form of carbon.
Coke is used in the manufacture of steel and in the extraction of many metals.
(b) Coal tar is a black, thick liquid with an unpleasant smell. It is a mixture of about 200 substances.
Products obtained from coal tar are used as starting materials for manufacturing various substances used in everyday life and in industry, like synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, perfumes, plastics, paints, photographic materials, roofing materials, etc. Interestingly, naphthalene balls used to repel moths and other insects are also obtained from coal tar.
(c) Coal gas is obtained during the processing of coal to get coke.
It is used as a fuel in many industries situated near the coal processing plants.

Subjective Questions
The substance Q is a fossil fuel. It occurs deep below the ground in certain areas of earth. Another fossil fuel P is found trapped above the deposits Q. When Q is subjected to the process R the number of products are collected at different temperature ranges which are put to different uses, a special grade of product S obtained in this way is used as aviation fuel in jet airplanes.
(i) What are Q and P?
(ii) What are physical states of Q and P.
(iii) Name the process R.
(iv) Name the product S.
Solution:
P is the Natural gas which is in a gaseous state.
Q is the petroleum or crude oil is in a liquid state.
R= Mixture of products mentioned in the above flow chart.
S= Kerosene is used as an aviation fuel in jet aeroplanes.
And the above process is known as a 'Refining of Petroleum'.
Distinguish between coal and coke.
Solution:
Comment: None of the fuel can be termed as clean fuel.
Solution:
On burning, every fuel releases at least one greenhouse gas i.e., C02. Therefore, none of the fuels can be termed as clean fuel.
Classify the fuels on the basis of their physical state.
Solution:
On the basis of their physical state, fuels are classified into solid fuels, liquid fuels and gaseous fuels.
Solid fuels: Fuels which exist in the solid state are called solid fuels.
Examples of solid fuels are- wood, coal, charcoal, coke and paraffin.
Liquid fuels: Fuels which exist in the liquid state at room temperature are called liquid fuels.
Examples of liquid fuels are- kerosene, petrol and diesel. These are obtained by the refining petroleum.
Gaseous fuels: Fuels which exist in the gaseous state at room temperature are called gaseous fuels.
Examples of gaseous fuels are-hydrocarbons such as natural gas, butane and propane.
Sagar visited coal mining place nearby with his father and asked his father how and why this coal is found so deep under earth surface. Help him to understand the coal forming process.
Solution:
Coal was formed by the decomposition of large land plants and trees buried under the Earth about 300 million years ago.
• About 300 million years ago, the Earth had dense forests in the low-lying wet areas.
• Due to natural calamities such as earthquakes, volcanoes and floods, these forests were buried under the surface of the Earth.
• As more soil got deposited on them, they were compressed.
• As a result, the temperature also rose as they sank deeper and deeper.
• Due to high pressure and temperature and the absence of air, the wood of the buried forest plants and trees slowly got converted
into coal.
• The slow process by which the dead plants buried under the Earth have become coal is called carbonisation.
• Because coal was formed from the remains of the plants, it is called a fossil fuel.
• On heating, coal, which is mainly carbon, produces carbon dioxide gas and a lot of heat energy.
C + O2 → CO2 + Heat
Write a short note on petroleum.
Solution:
Petroleum is a dark-coloured, thick crude oil found deep below the ground in certain areas.
Formation of Petroleum
• Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea.
• As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay.
• Due to high pressure, heat, action of bacteria and the absence of air, the dead remains of the tiny plants and animals were slowly converted into petroleum.
• The petroleum thus formed got trapped between two layers of impervious rocks, forming an oil deposit.

Assertion Reasoning Questions

Below questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
Assertion (A): Natural gas is an exhaustible fossil fuel.
Reason (R): Because it is easy to transport through pipes.
Correct option: (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Solution: Natural gas is an exhaustible fossil fuel since it is limited and can be exhausted by human activities sooner or later. The reason statement is also true as natural gas is easily transported through pipes.
Assertion (A): Petroleum is called black gold.
Reason(R): Petroleum has great commercial importance.
Correct answer: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Solution: Many useful substances are obtained from petroleum. These are termed as ‘Petrochemicals’. These are used in the manufacture of detergents, fibres (polyester, nylon, acrylic etc.), polythene and other man-made plastics. Thus, due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is also called ‘black gold’.